Combined Effect of Dietary Acid Load and Cardiometabolic Syndrome on Bone Resorption Marker among Post-Menopausal Women in Malaysia

This study aimed to investigate factors associated with bone resorption status and determine the independent and interactive effects of dietary acid load (DAL) and cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) on bone resorption in post-menopausal women. Overall, 211 community-dwelling post-menopausal women were recruited from the National Council of Senior Citizens Organization, Malaysia. DAL was estimated using the potential renal acid load from the food frequency questionnaire. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and smoking behaviour was assessed using the Global Adult Tobacco Survey 2011. Serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels were determined using the ADVIA Centaur vitamin D assay and serum C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX1) were used as surrogate markers to assess bone resorption. CMS was determined based on the harmonised criteria. Age ( = -0.145, = -2.002, < 0.05) was negatively associated while DAL ( = 0.142, = 2.096, < 0.05) and sleep quality ( = 0.147, = 2.162, < 0.05) were positively associated with CTX1. Height was positively correlated with CTX1 ( = 0.136,