Exploring functional genes' correlation with ( S )-equol concentration and new daidzein racemase identification
With its estrogenic activity, ( )-equol plays an important role in maintaining host health and preventing estrogen-related diseases. Exclusive production occurs through the transformation of soy isoflavones by intestinal bacteria, but the reasons for variations in ( )-equol production among differen...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Applied and environmental microbiology 2024-04, Vol.90 (4), p.e0000724 |
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Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | With its estrogenic activity, (
)-equol plays an important role in maintaining host health and preventing estrogen-related diseases. Exclusive production occurs through the transformation of soy isoflavones by intestinal bacteria, but the reasons for variations in (
)-equol production among different individuals and species remain unclear. Here, fecal samples from humans, pigs, chickens, mice, and rats were used as research objects. The concentrations of (
)-equol, along with the genetic homology and evolutionary relationships of (
)-equol production-related genes [daidzein reductase (DZNR), daidzein racemase (DDRC), dihydrodaidzein reductase (DHDR), tetrahydrodaidzein reductase (THDR)], were analyzed. Additionally,
functional verification of the newly identified DDRC gene was conducted. It was found that approximately 40% of human samples contained (
)-equol, whereas 100% of samples from other species contained (
)-equol. However, there were significant variations in (
equol content among the different species: rats > pigs > chickens > mice > humans. The distributions of the four genes displayed species-specific patterns. High detection rates across various species were exhibited by
,
, and
. In contrast, substantial variations in detection rates among different species and individuals were observed with respect to
. It appears that various types of
may be associated with different concentrations of (
equol, which potentially correspond to the regulatory role during (
equol synthesis. This enhances our understanding of individual variations in (
)-equol production and their connection with functional genes
. Moreover, the newly identified DDRC exhibits higher potential for (
equol synthesis compared to the known DDRC, providing valuable resources for advancing
(
equol production.
(
)-equol ((
)-EQ) plays a crucial role in maintaining human health, along with its known capacity to prevent and treat various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, osteoporosis, diabetes, brain-related diseases, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and inflammation. However, factors affecting individual variations in (
)-EQ production and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. This study examines the association between functional genes and (
)-EQ production, highlighting a potential correlation between the DZNR gene and (
)-EQ content. Various types of DZNR may be linked to the regulation of (
)-EQ synthesis. Furthermore, the |
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ISSN: | 0099-2240 1098-5336 1098-5336 |
DOI: | 10.1128/aem.00007-24 |