Exploring functional genes' correlation with ( S )-equol concentration and new daidzein racemase identification

With its estrogenic activity, ( )-equol plays an important role in maintaining host health and preventing estrogen-related diseases. Exclusive production occurs through the transformation of soy isoflavones by intestinal bacteria, but the reasons for variations in ( )-equol production among differen...

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Veröffentlicht in:Applied and environmental microbiology 2024-04, Vol.90 (4), p.e0000724
Hauptverfasser: Hu, Yun-Fei, Luo, Shu, Wang, Sheng-Qi, Chen, Ke-Xin, Zhong, Wei-Xuan, Li, Bai-Yuan, Cao, Lin-Yan, Chen, Hua-Hai, Yin, Ye-Shi
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:With its estrogenic activity, ( )-equol plays an important role in maintaining host health and preventing estrogen-related diseases. Exclusive production occurs through the transformation of soy isoflavones by intestinal bacteria, but the reasons for variations in ( )-equol production among different individuals and species remain unclear. Here, fecal samples from humans, pigs, chickens, mice, and rats were used as research objects. The concentrations of ( )-equol, along with the genetic homology and evolutionary relationships of ( )-equol production-related genes [daidzein reductase (DZNR), daidzein racemase (DDRC), dihydrodaidzein reductase (DHDR), tetrahydrodaidzein reductase (THDR)], were analyzed. Additionally, functional verification of the newly identified DDRC gene was conducted. It was found that approximately 40% of human samples contained ( )-equol, whereas 100% of samples from other species contained ( )-equol. However, there were significant variations in ( equol content among the different species: rats > pigs > chickens > mice > humans. The distributions of the four genes displayed species-specific patterns. High detection rates across various species were exhibited by , , and . In contrast, substantial variations in detection rates among different species and individuals were observed with respect to . It appears that various types of may be associated with different concentrations of ( equol, which potentially correspond to the regulatory role during ( equol synthesis. This enhances our understanding of individual variations in ( )-equol production and their connection with functional genes . Moreover, the newly identified DDRC exhibits higher potential for ( equol synthesis compared to the known DDRC, providing valuable resources for advancing ( equol production. ( )-equol (( )-EQ) plays a crucial role in maintaining human health, along with its known capacity to prevent and treat various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, osteoporosis, diabetes, brain-related diseases, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and inflammation. However, factors affecting individual variations in ( )-EQ production and the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. This study examines the association between functional genes and ( )-EQ production, highlighting a potential correlation between the DZNR gene and ( )-EQ content. Various types of DZNR may be linked to the regulation of ( )-EQ synthesis. Furthermore, the
ISSN:0099-2240
1098-5336
1098-5336
DOI:10.1128/aem.00007-24