Incidence of complications and urinary incontinence following endoscopic enucleation of the prostate in men with a prostate volume of 80 ml and above: results from a multicenter, real-world experience of 2512 patients

Purpose To evaluate complications and urinary incontinence (UI) after endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (EEP) stratified by prostate volume (PV). Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who underwent EEP with different energy sources in 14 centers (January 2019–January 2023). Inclusion criteria: prostate volume ≥ 80 ml. Exclusion criteria: prostate cancer, previous prostate/urethral surgery, pelvic radiotherapy. Primary outcome: complication rate. Secondary outcomes: incidence of and factors affecting postoperative UI. Patients were divided into 3 groups. Group 1: PV = 80–100 ml; Group 2 PV = 101–200 ml; Group 3 PV > 200 ml. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate independent predictors of overall incontinence. Results There were 486 patients in Group 1, 1830 in Group 2, and 196 in Group 3. The most commonly used energy was high-power Holmium laser followed by Thulium fiber laser in all groups. Enucleation, morcellation, and total surgical time were significantly longer in Group 2. There was no significant difference in overall 30-day complications and readmission rates. Incontinence incidence was similar (12.1% in Group 1 vs. 13.2% in Group 2 vs. 11.7% in Group 3, p = 0.72). The rate of stress and mixed incontinence was higher in Group 1. Multivariable regression analysis showed that age (OR 1.019 95% CI 1.003–1.035) was the only factor significantly associated with higher odds of incontinence. Conclusions PV has no influence on complication and UI rates following EEP. Age is risk factor of postoperative UI.