Sternoclavicular joint reconstruction for traumatic acute and chronic anterior and posterior instability: Patient-reported outcomes at a minimum of 2 years

Background Instability of the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) is a rare problem that is often treated closed, with few published outcomes of surgical treatment with tendon graft reconstruction. Methods We reviewed a consecutive series of patients who underwent tendon graft reconstruction for SCJ instability over a 7-year period. Cases with acute fractures or fewer than 2 years of follow-up were excluded. Pre- and postoperative function and pain were assessed using Single assessment numeric evaluation (SANE), simple shoulder test (SST), and visual analog scale (VAS) outcome measures. Results Thirty cases were included, with 27 (90%) available for follow-up at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. SANE scores improved from a median of 40 to 90. SST scores improved from a median of 3 positive responses to a median of 12 on a 12-point scale. VAS scores decreased from a median of 7 to 0 points. One patient underwent reoperation for recurrent instability and wound dehiscence. Three (11%) patients did not achieve a minimum 30% of maximum possible improvement in SST scores. Conclusions Tendon graft reconstruction for SCJ instability is a safe procedure with a low complication rate and statistically and clinically significant improvements in patient-reported outcome measures at 2-year minimum follow-up. Level of evidence Level IV: Therapeutic.