Peri-prosthetic Joint Infection due to Candida albicans in a Young Immunocompetent Patient - A Rare Case Report

The recent surge in joint replacement surgeries in India, particularly total knee and hip replacements, is notable. The majority of patients undergoing these procedures suffered from knee osteoarthritis or femoral head avascular necrosis. However, this increase in joint replacements has also led to a rise in periprosthetic joint infections (PJI), a severe and costly complication. PJI is responsible for 25% of total knee arthroplasty failures and 15% of total hip arthroplasty failures. Various risk factors, such as diabetes, fractures, and arthritis, are associated with PJI development. Bacterial infections, notably Staphylococcus species, are the primary cause of PJI, but rare fungal infections are often caused by Candida and Aspergillus. There is a lack of clinical trials and limited knowledge about the prevalence and treatment of fungal PJIs. This report presents a unique case of delayed PJI caused by Candida albicans in an otherwise healthy patient. This case report emphasizes the need for further research and standardized treatment guidelines. Treatment typically involves a two-stage revision with extended antifungal therapy. The optimal duration of antifungal treatment remains uncertain.