Assessment of Gray Matter Microstructure and Synaptic Density in Alzheimer's Disease: A Multimodal Imaging Study With DTI and SV2A PET

Multimodal imaging techniques have furthered our understanding of how different aspects of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology relate to one another. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures such as mean diffusivity (MD) may be a surrogate measure of the changes in gray matter structure associated with AD. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) has been used to quantify synaptic loss, which is the major pathological correlate of cognitive impairment in AD. In this study, we investigated the relationship between gray matter microstructure and synaptic density. DTI was used to measure MD and [ C]UCB-J PET to measure synaptic density in 33 amyloid-positive participants with AD and 17 amyloid-negative cognitively normal (CN) participants aged 50-83. Univariate regression analyses were used to assess the association between synaptic density and MD in both the AD and CN groups. Hippocampal MD was inversely associated with hippocampal synaptic density in participants with AD (r = -0.55, p