C2-methyladenosine in tRNA promotes protein translation by facilitating the decoding of tandem m2A-tRNA-dependent codons

RNA modification C 2 -methyladenosine (m 2 A) exists in both rRNA and tRNA of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), installed by the methyltransferase RlmN using a radical- S -adenosylmethionine (SAM) mechanism. However, the precise function of m 2 A in tRNA and its ubiquity in plants have remained unclear....

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Veröffentlicht in:Nature communications 2024-02, Vol.15 (1), p.1025-1025, Article 1025
Hauptverfasser: Duan, Hong-Chao, Zhang, Chi, Song, Peizhe, Yang, Junbo, Wang, Ye, Jia, Guifang
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:RNA modification C 2 -methyladenosine (m 2 A) exists in both rRNA and tRNA of Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), installed by the methyltransferase RlmN using a radical- S -adenosylmethionine (SAM) mechanism. However, the precise function of m 2 A in tRNA and its ubiquity in plants have remained unclear. Here we discover the presence of m 2 A in chloroplast rRNA and tRNA, as well as cytosolic tRNA, in multiple plant species. We identify six m 2 A-modified chloroplast tRNAs and two m 2 A-modified cytosolic tRNAs across different plants. Furthermore, we characterize three Arabidopsis m 2 A methyltransferases—RLMNL1, RLMNL2, and RLMNL3—which methylate chloroplast rRNA, chloroplast tRNA, and cytosolic tRNA, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that m 2 A37 promotes a relaxed conformation of tRNA, enhancing translation efficiency in chloroplast and cytosol by facilitating decoding of tandem m 2 A-tRNA-dependent codons. This study provides insights into the molecular function and biological significance of m 2 A, uncovering a layer of translation regulation in plants. Duan et al. demonstrate that the m 2 A modification is ubiquitous in plants and tRNA m 2 A37 promotes a relaxed conformation of tRNA, enhancing translation efficiency by facilitating decoding of tandem m 2 A-tRNA-dependent codons.
ISSN:2041-1723
2041-1723
DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-45166-6