Optical coherence tomography angiography for the characterisation of retinal microvasculature alterations in pregnant patients with anaemia: a nested case‒control study

AimsTo characterise retinal microvascular alterations in the eyes of pregnant patients with anaemia (PA) and to compare the alterations with those in healthy controls (HC) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsThis nested case‒control study included singleton PA and HC from the Eye Health in Pregnancy Study. Fovea avascular zone (FAZ) metrics, perfusion density (PD) in the superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus and flow deficit (FD) density in the choriocapillaris (CC) were quantified using FIJI software. Linear regressions were conducted to evaluate the differences in OCTA metrics between PA and HC. Subgroup analyses were performed based on comparisons between PA diagnosed in the early or late trimester and HC.ResultsIn total, 99 eyes of 99 PA and 184 eyes of 184 HC were analysed. PA had a significantly reduced FAZ perimeter (β coefficient=−0.310, p