Sleep quality, fatigue, societal participation and health-related quality of life in kidney transplant recipients: a cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort study

ABSTRACT Background Fatigue and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are common among kidney transplant recipients (KTR). We hypothesized that both may partially be attributable to poor sleep. Methods Cross-sectional and longitudinal data of KTR enrolled in the TransplantLines Biobank and Cohort Study were used. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. Individual strength (i.e. a composite of fatigue, concentration, motivation and physical activity), societal participation and HRQoL were assessed using validated questionnaires. Results We included 872 KTR (39% female, age 56 ± 13 years) and 335 healthy controls. In total, 33% of male KTR and 49% of female KTR reported poor sleep quality, which was higher compared with male and female healthy controls (19% and 28%, respectively, P