Awareness About Dry Eye Symptoms and Risk Factors Among Eastern Province Population in Saudi Arabia

BackgroundDry eye syndrome (DES), also known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), is a common cause of patient's visits to the ophthalmologist. It is characterized by a defect in the tear film homeostasis, symptoms of ocular discomfort, and visual disturbance. Also, it increases the risk of ocular surface damage if complicated by tear film hyperosmolarity and ocular surface inflammation. The present study aims to measure awareness about dry eye disease and the risk factors among the Eastern region population in Saudi Arabia via an online questionnaire.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional community-based study conducted in Saudi Arabia that assessed knowledge and awareness of dry eye among the eastern province population using a self-administered online questionnaire. The minimum sample size was 385 adults. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), and participants' overall awareness level was evaluated based on correct answers.ResultsIn this study, a total of 522 participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria completed the study questionnaire. Participants ranged from 18 to 65 years, with a mean age of 27.2 ± 14.6 years old. Females represented a higher percentage of the sample, 341 (65.3%). Public awareness regarding dry eye diseases in the Eastern region, Saudi Arabia of 149 participants (28.5%) is overall a good awareness level while 373 (71.5%) of them had poor awareness.ConclusionParticipants showed unsatisfactory results in awareness of risk factors of dry eye symptoms, where the most reported causes were prolonged concentration while using electronic devices, climatic factors, and lacrimal gland disorders.