Assessing the Effectiveness of Real-Time Online Parent Training for Parents of Children with Diverse Neurodevelopmental Disorders Residing in the Community

Parents residing in the community have children with diverse neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, developing online parent training that is effective for various types of neurodevelopmental disorders, not just for a single one, is essential. This study investigated the effects of real-time online group parent training developed for parents of children with various neurodevelopmental disorders. Twenty-two parents (two males and 20 females) of children with diagnosed or suspected neurodevelopmental disorders participated. We developed real-time online group parent training based on the Tottori University parent training (TUPT-ON), which can be implemented online as a pilot study. Parenting stress, parenting attitudes, mental health, and children's inappropriate behavior scores were measured before and after the intervention and analyzed using paired test. The average participation rate was 75.5%, and the average homework submission rate was 66.6%. The intervention significantly improved parents' quality of life and negative parenting. Moreover, significant improvements were found in the total problems age-standardized scores (T-scores) of the Child Behavior Checkl List in participants' children. In response to five questions about the acceptability of our online group parent training, participants rated most items as four or higher out of five. The implementation of TUPT-ON showed some improvements in children's outcomes and brought about positive changes in parental outcomes across various neurodevelopmental disorders. This result suggests the potential effectiveness of this intervention for different types of neurodevelopmental disorders. TUPT-ON could provide parent training and support for parents dealing with their children's various neurodevelopmental disorders, regardless of location, as long as they have a stable internet connection. However, the lack of a control group and the small sample size of certain diseases warrant caution in interpreting these findings, and a rigorous validation design should be employed and revalidated in the future.