Regulation of K+ influx in barley. Effects of low temperature

Influx and accumulation of K+ in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Fergus) roots were measured at two temperatures (10°C and 20°C) in plants which had been grown with roots and shoots at 20°C (HT plants), with roots and shoots at 10°C (LT plants), and with roots at 10°C and shoots at 20°C (DT plants). Under conditions where K+ was in limited supply during the prior growth period, K+ influx and accumulation were consistently higher in roots of DT and LT plants than in those of HT plants. Thus, it would appear that this low temperature response is not limited specifically to conditions in which temperature differentials are maintained between roots and shoots. Nevertheless, it was generally the case that increases of influx were larger in DT and LT plants so that the temperature differentials may intensify the low temperature response. When K+ influx was examined over a wide range of root [K+], it was seen that the characteristic reduction of influx associated with increased internal [K+] was substantially greater in HT than DT or LT plants. Transfer of plants grown under HT conditions to DT or LT regimes led to both short-term and long-term adjustments of influx. The former became apparent within 6 hours of exposure to the new conditions and decayed within minutes of transfer back to 20°C. The long-term adjustments were only apparent after prolonged exposure (days) to the lower root temperature and these did not decay as rapidly. Regardless of shoot temperature, the transfer of roots from 20°C to 10°C caused a gradual increase of root [K+] so that 4 days later LT and DT roots contained, respectively, 53.3 and 49.83 micromoles per gram compared to 17.82 micromoles per gram for roots maintained at 20°C.