Assessing the Long-Term Creep Behaviour of Hydrothermally Treated Japanese Cedar Wood Using the Short-Term Accelerated Stepped Isostress Method
In this study, short-term accelerated creep tests were conducted using the stepped isostress method (SSM) to investigate the impact of hydrothermal treatment on the long-term creep behaviour of Japanese cedar wood and to determine optimal hydrothermal treatment conditions. The results showed that SS...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymers 2023-10, Vol.15 (20), p.4149 |
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| creator | Xu, Jin-Wei Li, Cheng-Chun Liu, Jian-Wei Chang, Wen-Chao Chang, Wen-Shao Wu, Jyh-Horng |
| description | In this study, short-term accelerated creep tests were conducted using the stepped isostress method (SSM) to investigate the impact of hydrothermal treatment on the long-term creep behaviour of Japanese cedar wood and to determine optimal hydrothermal treatment conditions. The results showed that SSM can effectively predict the creep behaviour of hydrothermally treated wood. Among the treatment conditions tested, Japanese cedar wood treated hydrothermally at 180 °C for 4 h exhibited higher flexural strength retention (91%) and moisture excluding efficiency (MEE) (44%) and demonstrated superior creep resistance compared to untreated wood. When subjected to a 30% average breaking load (ABL) over 20 years, the specimen’s creep compliance, instantaneous creep compliance, b value, activation volume, and improvement in creep resistance (ICR) were 0.17 GPa−1, 0.139 GPa−1, 0.15, 1.619 nm3, and 4%, respectively. The results indicate that subjecting Japanese cedar wood to hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C for 4 h has a negligible effect on its flexural properties but results in significant improvements in both dimensional stability and creep resistance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/polym15204149 |
| format | Article |
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The results showed that SSM can effectively predict the creep behaviour of hydrothermally treated wood. Among the treatment conditions tested, Japanese cedar wood treated hydrothermally at 180 °C for 4 h exhibited higher flexural strength retention (91%) and moisture excluding efficiency (MEE) (44%) and demonstrated superior creep resistance compared to untreated wood. When subjected to a 30% average breaking load (ABL) over 20 years, the specimen’s creep compliance, instantaneous creep compliance, b value, activation volume, and improvement in creep resistance (ICR) were 0.17 GPa−1, 0.139 GPa−1, 0.15, 1.619 nm3, and 4%, respectively. The results indicate that subjecting Japanese cedar wood to hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C for 4 h has a negligible effect on its flexural properties but results in significant improvements in both dimensional stability and creep resistance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym15204149</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37896393</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Accelerated tests ; Analysis ; Cedar ; Compliance ; Creep strength ; Creep tests ; Dimensional stability ; Flexural strength ; Heat treating ; Humidity ; Hydrothermal treatment ; Mechanical properties ; Methods ; Moisture content ; Moisture resistance ; Strains and stresses ; Stress relaxation (Materials) ; Stress relieving (Materials) ; Temperature ; Timber</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2023-10, Vol.15 (20), p.4149</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2023 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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The results showed that SSM can effectively predict the creep behaviour of hydrothermally treated wood. Among the treatment conditions tested, Japanese cedar wood treated hydrothermally at 180 °C for 4 h exhibited higher flexural strength retention (91%) and moisture excluding efficiency (MEE) (44%) and demonstrated superior creep resistance compared to untreated wood. When subjected to a 30% average breaking load (ABL) over 20 years, the specimen’s creep compliance, instantaneous creep compliance, b value, activation volume, and improvement in creep resistance (ICR) were 0.17 GPa−1, 0.139 GPa−1, 0.15, 1.619 nm3, and 4%, respectively. The results indicate that subjecting Japanese cedar wood to hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C for 4 h has a negligible effect on its flexural properties but results in significant improvements in both dimensional stability and creep resistance.</description><subject>Accelerated tests</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Cedar</subject><subject>Compliance</subject><subject>Creep strength</subject><subject>Creep tests</subject><subject>Dimensional stability</subject><subject>Flexural strength</subject><subject>Heat treating</subject><subject>Humidity</subject><subject>Hydrothermal treatment</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>Moisture content</subject><subject>Moisture resistance</subject><subject>Strains and stresses</subject><subject>Stress relaxation (Materials)</subject><subject>Stress relieving (Materials)</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Timber</subject><issn>2073-4360</issn><issn>2073-4360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdks9vFCEUx4nR2Kb26J3Ei5ep_Bhm4GTWjdqaNR66jUdC4bFDMzOMwDbZv8J_Weo2jRUOj8Dn--W9l4fQW0ouOFfkwxLHw0QFIy1t1Qt0ykjPm5Z35OU_5xN0nvMdqasVXUf71-iE91J1XPFT9HuVM-Qc5h0uA-BNnHfNFtKE1wlgwZ9gMPch7hOOHl8eXIqVSpMZxwPeJjAFHP5mFjNDBrwGZxL-GaPDN0-O10NM5Wi5shZGSH9F1wWWpcarHHNJNQP8HcoQ3Rv0ypsxw_ljPEM3Xz5v15fN5sfXq_Vq09iWs9Iod6tY66jouAdLpPRMCa6o8c6C8E5yT2hHlAAHxNHOUqokkcYJLimxlp-hj0ffZX87QRXNJZlRLylMJh10NEE_f5nDoHfxXlPSUaL6rjq8f3RI8dcectFTyLXAsTYj7rNmUnIhSS9JRd_9h97Vls61vgeK9aplRFbq4kjtzAg6zD7Wj23dDqZg4ww-1PtV3zOqlFCsCpqjwKaYcwL_lD4l-mE-9LP54H8A-x2uug</recordid><startdate>20231019</startdate><enddate>20231019</enddate><creator>Xu, Jin-Wei</creator><creator>Li, Cheng-Chun</creator><creator>Liu, Jian-Wei</creator><creator>Chang, Wen-Chao</creator><creator>Chang, Wen-Shao</creator><creator>Wu, Jyh-Horng</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8573-944X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1187-1114</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5935-3463</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20231019</creationdate><title>Assessing the Long-Term Creep Behaviour of Hydrothermally Treated Japanese Cedar Wood Using the Short-Term Accelerated Stepped Isostress Method</title><author>Xu, Jin-Wei ; Li, Cheng-Chun ; Liu, Jian-Wei ; Chang, Wen-Chao ; Chang, Wen-Shao ; Wu, Jyh-Horng</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c432t-9db924d1563fec088f295391afdce5fd83f016095ede0d16c119808ad53810cc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>Accelerated tests</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Cedar</topic><topic>Compliance</topic><topic>Creep strength</topic><topic>Creep tests</topic><topic>Dimensional stability</topic><topic>Flexural strength</topic><topic>Heat treating</topic><topic>Humidity</topic><topic>Hydrothermal treatment</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Methods</topic><topic>Moisture content</topic><topic>Moisture resistance</topic><topic>Strains and stresses</topic><topic>Stress relaxation (Materials)</topic><topic>Stress relieving (Materials)</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Timber</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Xu, Jin-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Cheng-Chun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Jian-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Wen-Chao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chang, Wen-Shao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Jyh-Horng</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Xu, Jin-Wei</au><au>Li, Cheng-Chun</au><au>Liu, Jian-Wei</au><au>Chang, Wen-Chao</au><au>Chang, Wen-Shao</au><au>Wu, Jyh-Horng</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Assessing the Long-Term Creep Behaviour of Hydrothermally Treated Japanese Cedar Wood Using the Short-Term Accelerated Stepped Isostress Method</atitle><jtitle>Polymers</jtitle><date>2023-10-19</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>20</issue><spage>4149</spage><pages>4149-</pages><issn>2073-4360</issn><eissn>2073-4360</eissn><abstract>In this study, short-term accelerated creep tests were conducted using the stepped isostress method (SSM) to investigate the impact of hydrothermal treatment on the long-term creep behaviour of Japanese cedar wood and to determine optimal hydrothermal treatment conditions. The results showed that SSM can effectively predict the creep behaviour of hydrothermally treated wood. Among the treatment conditions tested, Japanese cedar wood treated hydrothermally at 180 °C for 4 h exhibited higher flexural strength retention (91%) and moisture excluding efficiency (MEE) (44%) and demonstrated superior creep resistance compared to untreated wood. When subjected to a 30% average breaking load (ABL) over 20 years, the specimen’s creep compliance, instantaneous creep compliance, b value, activation volume, and improvement in creep resistance (ICR) were 0.17 GPa−1, 0.139 GPa−1, 0.15, 1.619 nm3, and 4%, respectively. The results indicate that subjecting Japanese cedar wood to hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C for 4 h has a negligible effect on its flexural properties but results in significant improvements in both dimensional stability and creep resistance.</abstract><cop>Basel</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>37896393</pmid><doi>10.3390/polym15204149</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8573-944X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1187-1114</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5935-3463</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Accelerated tests Analysis Cedar Compliance Creep strength Creep tests Dimensional stability Flexural strength Heat treating Humidity Hydrothermal treatment Mechanical properties Methods Moisture content Moisture resistance Strains and stresses Stress relaxation (Materials) Stress relieving (Materials) Temperature Timber |
| title | Assessing the Long-Term Creep Behaviour of Hydrothermally Treated Japanese Cedar Wood Using the Short-Term Accelerated Stepped Isostress Method |
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