Undetected Maternal Diabetes Causing Multiple Severe Complications in a Newborn: A Case Report and Literature Review

Although there has been a decline in global neonatal mortality, perinatal complications associated with maternal diabetes remain high, and the offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) continue to have a higher neonatal mortality rate than infants of women without diabetes, regardless of gestational age or weight for gestational age. The increasing prevalence of GDM and type 2 diabetes is recognized as a significant public health issue, especially in regions where obesity is prevalent. GDM is the most common medical complication of pregnancy, and exposure to a diabetic environment places infants at both immediate- and long-term risk. However, studies have shown that screening and managing GDM and type 2 diabetes can mitigate many of these risks and improve perinatal outcomes.