Trends of travel burdens to access cancer care among children with cancer: analysis of a population-based cancer registry data in Aichi, Japan

Centralization of childhood cancer treatment in specialized hospitals is necessary for quality treatment and care, but imposes a time and cost burden for patients and their families. We investigated the 20-year trend in the patients’ car travel burden to reach cancer-care hospitals in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. From the Aichi population-based cancer registry data, 1,741 cases diagnosed in 1998–2017 under 15 years of age were extracted and assigned to three treatment groups: invasive treatment (n = 697), radiotherapy (n = 371), or chemotherapy groups (n = 1,462), allowing for duplicate assignment. Their travels to access each treatment hospital were estimated and summarized as the estimated travel times (ETT), estimated travel distances (ETD), and direct distances (DD). The ETTs were compared using the Brunner–Munzel test. The average cases per year for each hospital were plotted. The annual trends during 1998–2017 on ETT, ETD, and DD were investigated using Joinpoint regression models. The ETTs were 0.38–0.45 hours on median for three periods (1998–2005, 2006–2012, and 2013–2017) in three treatment groups and increased by 0.02–0.07 hours from 2006–2012 to 2013–2017, with a statistically significant difference in the radiotherapy group (0.07 hours, P = 0.037). The average cases per year increased for the top hospital in each group, and regression model analyses showed no joinpoint on the annual median trend. In conclusion, the increases in travel times were small and not considered clinically significant, and treatment centralization was observed from 2006–2012 to 2013–2017.