An inducible germ cell ablation chicken model for high-grade germline chimeras

Chicken embryos are a powerful and widely used animal model in developmental biology studies. Since the development of CRISPR technology, gene-edited chickens have been generated by transferring primordial germ cells (PGCs) into recipients after genetic modifications. However, low inheritance caused by competition between host germ cells and the transferred cells is a common complication and greatly reduces production efficiency. Here, we generated a gene-edited chicken, in which germ cells can be ablated in a drug-dependent manner, as recipients for gene-edited PGC transfer. We used the nitroreductase/metronidazole (NTR/Mtz) system for cell ablation, in which nitroreductase produces cytotoxic alkylating agents from administered metronidazole, causing cell apoptosis. The chicken Vasa homolog (CVH) gene locus was used to drive the expression of the nitroreductase gene in a germ cell-specific manner. In addition, a fluorescent protein gene, mCherry, was also placed in the CVH locus to visualize the PGCs. We named this system ‘germ cell-specific autonomous removal induction’ (gSAMURAI). gSAMURAI chickens will be an ideal recipient to produce offspring derived from transplanted exogenous germ cells.