Multitarget and suspect screening of antimicrobials in soil and manure by means of QuEChERS — liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

The present work aimed to develop an accurate analytical method for the simultaneous analysis of twenty-four antimicrobials in soil:compost and animal manure samples by means of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer (UHPLC-QqQ). For this purpose, the effectiveness of two extraction techniques (i.e. focused ultrasound solid–liquid extraction (FUSLE) and QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe)) was evaluated, and the clean-up step using solid-phase extraction (SPE) was also thoroughly studied. The method was successfully validated at 10 μg·kg −1 , 25 μg·kg −1 , and 50 μg·kg −1 showing adequate trueness (70–130%) and repeatability (RSD