Comparison of diabetic retinopathy severity grading on ETDRS 7-field versus ultrawide-field assessment
Objectives To compare the diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity level determined when considering only the ETDRS 7-field region versus the entire ultrawidefield (UWF) image. Methods In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, UWF pseudocolor images were graded on the Eyenuk image viewing, grading, an...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Eye (London) 2023-10, Vol.37 (14), p.2946-2949 |
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| creator | Attiku, Yamini Nittala, Muneeswar Gupta Velaga, Swetha B. Ramachandra, Chaithanya Bhat, Sandeep Solanki, Kaushal Jayadev, Chaitra Choudhry, Netan Orr, Samantha Miyoko Ashlyn Jiang, Shangjun He, Ye Sadda, SriniVas R. |
| description | Objectives
To compare the diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity level determined when considering only the ETDRS 7-field region versus the entire ultrawidefield (UWF) image.
Methods
In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, UWF pseudocolor images were graded on the Eyenuk image viewing, grading, and annotation platform for the severity of DR considering only the regions within the ETDRS 7-fields as well as the entire UWF image using two different protocols: 1) the simple International Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy (ICDR) scale and 2) the more complex DRCR.net Protocol AA grading scale.
Results
A total of 250 eyes from 157 patients were included in this analysis. Six eyes (2.4%) demonstrated a discrepancy in severity level between the ETDRS 7-field region and the entire UWF image when using the ICDR classification system. The discrepancies were due to the presence of lesions [intraretinal haemorrhage (
n
= 2), neovascular disease (
n
= 4)] in the peripheral fields which were not identified in the ETDRS 7-fields. Fourteen eyes (5.6%) had a discrepancy in severity level between the ETDRS 7-field region and the entire UWF image when using the ETDRS DRSS Protocol AA grading scale. The discrepancies were due to the presence of a higher level of disease [intraretinal haemorrhage (
n
= 4), neovascularization (
n
= 4), preretinal haemorrhage (
n
= 2), scatter laser scars (
n
= 4)] in the peripheral fields.
Conclusion
Although considering regions outside of the ETDRS 7-fields altered the DR severity level assessment in |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41433-023-02445-8 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10517125</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2812505544</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-c992154a20f050ff4afec1c9d85b44cba2e67f0899061135227abc89870e37523</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU9v1DAQxS0EotvCF-CALHHhEhg7duycENqWglQJCYrEzXIce-sqiRdPUrTfHi-7lD8HDraleb9549Ej5BmDVwxq_RoFE3VdAd8fIWSlH5AVE6qppJDiIVlBK6HinH89IaeItwBFVPCYnNSKNRIYW5GwTuPW5ohpoinQPtrOz9HRXO4pbe18s6Po73yO845usu3jtKGFvbg-__SZqipEP_S06LggXYY52--x98eyRfSIo5_mJ-RRsAP6p8f3jHx5d3G9fl9dfbz8sH57VTmh5Fy5tuVMCsshgIQQhA3eMdf2WnZCuM5y36gAum2hYayWnCvbOd1qBb5Wktdn5M3Bd7t0o-9dGZ3tYLY5jjbvTLLR_K1M8cZs0p1hIJliXBaHl0eHnL4tHmczRnR-GOzk04KG60KBlEIU9MU_6G1a8lT2K1SjmAaAPcUPlMsJMftw_xsGZp-jOeRoSo7mZ45Gl6bnf-5x3_IruALUBwCLNG18_j37P7Y_AF_SqYQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2867180004</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Comparison of diabetic retinopathy severity grading on ETDRS 7-field versus ultrawide-field assessment</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings</source><creator>Attiku, Yamini ; Nittala, Muneeswar Gupta ; Velaga, Swetha B. ; Ramachandra, Chaithanya ; Bhat, Sandeep ; Solanki, Kaushal ; Jayadev, Chaitra ; Choudhry, Netan ; Orr, Samantha Miyoko Ashlyn ; Jiang, Shangjun ; He, Ye ; Sadda, SriniVas R.</creator><creatorcontrib>Attiku, Yamini ; Nittala, Muneeswar Gupta ; Velaga, Swetha B. ; Ramachandra, Chaithanya ; Bhat, Sandeep ; Solanki, Kaushal ; Jayadev, Chaitra ; Choudhry, Netan ; Orr, Samantha Miyoko Ashlyn ; Jiang, Shangjun ; He, Ye ; Sadda, SriniVas R.</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives
To compare the diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity level determined when considering only the ETDRS 7-field region versus the entire ultrawidefield (UWF) image.
Methods
In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, UWF pseudocolor images were graded on the Eyenuk image viewing, grading, and annotation platform for the severity of DR considering only the regions within the ETDRS 7-fields as well as the entire UWF image using two different protocols: 1) the simple International Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy (ICDR) scale and 2) the more complex DRCR.net Protocol AA grading scale.
Results
A total of 250 eyes from 157 patients were included in this analysis. Six eyes (2.4%) demonstrated a discrepancy in severity level between the ETDRS 7-field region and the entire UWF image when using the ICDR classification system. The discrepancies were due to the presence of lesions [intraretinal haemorrhage (
n
= 2), neovascular disease (
n
= 4)] in the peripheral fields which were not identified in the ETDRS 7-fields. Fourteen eyes (5.6%) had a discrepancy in severity level between the ETDRS 7-field region and the entire UWF image when using the ETDRS DRSS Protocol AA grading scale. The discrepancies were due to the presence of a higher level of disease [intraretinal haemorrhage (
n
= 4), neovascularization (
n
= 4), preretinal haemorrhage (
n
= 2), scatter laser scars (
n
= 4)] in the peripheral fields.
Conclusion
Although considering regions outside of the ETDRS 7-fields altered the DR severity level assessment in <5% of cases in this cohort, significant and potentially vision-threatening lesions including neovascularization and preretinal haemorrhage were identified in these peripheral regions. This highlights the importance of evaluating the entire UWF region when assessing patients with diabetic retinopathy.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0950-222X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5454</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02445-8</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37165011</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>59 ; 692/699/3161/3175 ; 692/700/1421/1846 ; Classification ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic retinopathy ; Diabetic Retinopathy - diagnosis ; Eye ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Laboratory Medicine ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Ophthalmology ; Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology ; Retinopathy ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgery ; Surgical Oncology ; Vascularization</subject><ispartof>Eye (London), 2023-10, Vol.37 (14), p.2946-2949</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2023</rights><rights>2023. The Author(s).</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2023. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-c992154a20f050ff4afec1c9d85b44cba2e67f0899061135227abc89870e37523</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-c992154a20f050ff4afec1c9d85b44cba2e67f0899061135227abc89870e37523</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0229-8950 ; 0000-0002-4637-6914 ; 0000-0002-3802-6594 ; 0000-0001-8392-7159</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10517125/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10517125/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27923,27924,41487,42556,51318,53790,53792</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37165011$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Attiku, Yamini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nittala, Muneeswar Gupta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Velaga, Swetha B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramachandra, Chaithanya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhat, Sandeep</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Solanki, Kaushal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jayadev, Chaitra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choudhry, Netan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orr, Samantha Miyoko Ashlyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Shangjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Ye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sadda, SriniVas R.</creatorcontrib><title>Comparison of diabetic retinopathy severity grading on ETDRS 7-field versus ultrawide-field assessment</title><title>Eye (London)</title><addtitle>Eye</addtitle><addtitle>Eye (Lond)</addtitle><description>Objectives
To compare the diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity level determined when considering only the ETDRS 7-field region versus the entire ultrawidefield (UWF) image.
Methods
In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, UWF pseudocolor images were graded on the Eyenuk image viewing, grading, and annotation platform for the severity of DR considering only the regions within the ETDRS 7-fields as well as the entire UWF image using two different protocols: 1) the simple International Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy (ICDR) scale and 2) the more complex DRCR.net Protocol AA grading scale.
Results
A total of 250 eyes from 157 patients were included in this analysis. Six eyes (2.4%) demonstrated a discrepancy in severity level between the ETDRS 7-field region and the entire UWF image when using the ICDR classification system. The discrepancies were due to the presence of lesions [intraretinal haemorrhage (
n
= 2), neovascular disease (
n
= 4)] in the peripheral fields which were not identified in the ETDRS 7-fields. Fourteen eyes (5.6%) had a discrepancy in severity level between the ETDRS 7-field region and the entire UWF image when using the ETDRS DRSS Protocol AA grading scale. The discrepancies were due to the presence of a higher level of disease [intraretinal haemorrhage (
n
= 4), neovascularization (
n
= 4), preretinal haemorrhage (
n
= 2), scatter laser scars (
n
= 4)] in the peripheral fields.
Conclusion
Although considering regions outside of the ETDRS 7-fields altered the DR severity level assessment in <5% of cases in this cohort, significant and potentially vision-threatening lesions including neovascularization and preretinal haemorrhage were identified in these peripheral regions. This highlights the importance of evaluating the entire UWF region when assessing patients with diabetic retinopathy.</description><subject>59</subject><subject>692/699/3161/3175</subject><subject>692/700/1421/1846</subject><subject>Classification</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus</subject><subject>Diabetic retinopathy</subject><subject>Diabetic Retinopathy - diagnosis</subject><subject>Eye</subject><subject>Hemorrhage</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Laboratory Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Ophthalmology</subject><subject>Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology</subject><subject>Retinopathy</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Surgery</subject><subject>Surgical Oncology</subject><subject>Vascularization</subject><issn>0950-222X</issn><issn>1476-5454</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU9v1DAQxS0EotvCF-CALHHhEhg7duycENqWglQJCYrEzXIce-sqiRdPUrTfHi-7lD8HDraleb9549Ej5BmDVwxq_RoFE3VdAd8fIWSlH5AVE6qppJDiIVlBK6HinH89IaeItwBFVPCYnNSKNRIYW5GwTuPW5ohpoinQPtrOz9HRXO4pbe18s6Po73yO845usu3jtKGFvbg-__SZqipEP_S06LggXYY52--x98eyRfSIo5_mJ-RRsAP6p8f3jHx5d3G9fl9dfbz8sH57VTmh5Fy5tuVMCsshgIQQhA3eMdf2WnZCuM5y36gAum2hYayWnCvbOd1qBb5Wktdn5M3Bd7t0o-9dGZ3tYLY5jjbvTLLR_K1M8cZs0p1hIJliXBaHl0eHnL4tHmczRnR-GOzk04KG60KBlEIU9MU_6G1a8lT2K1SjmAaAPcUPlMsJMftw_xsGZp-jOeRoSo7mZ45Gl6bnf-5x3_IruALUBwCLNG18_j37P7Y_AF_SqYQ</recordid><startdate>20231001</startdate><enddate>20231001</enddate><creator>Attiku, Yamini</creator><creator>Nittala, Muneeswar Gupta</creator><creator>Velaga, Swetha B.</creator><creator>Ramachandra, Chaithanya</creator><creator>Bhat, Sandeep</creator><creator>Solanki, Kaushal</creator><creator>Jayadev, Chaitra</creator><creator>Choudhry, Netan</creator><creator>Orr, Samantha Miyoko Ashlyn</creator><creator>Jiang, Shangjun</creator><creator>He, Ye</creator><creator>Sadda, SriniVas R.</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-8950</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4637-6914</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3802-6594</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8392-7159</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20231001</creationdate><title>Comparison of diabetic retinopathy severity grading on ETDRS 7-field versus ultrawide-field assessment</title><author>Attiku, Yamini ; Nittala, Muneeswar Gupta ; Velaga, Swetha B. ; Ramachandra, Chaithanya ; Bhat, Sandeep ; Solanki, Kaushal ; Jayadev, Chaitra ; Choudhry, Netan ; Orr, Samantha Miyoko Ashlyn ; Jiang, Shangjun ; He, Ye ; Sadda, SriniVas R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-c992154a20f050ff4afec1c9d85b44cba2e67f0899061135227abc89870e37523</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>59</topic><topic>692/699/3161/3175</topic><topic>692/700/1421/1846</topic><topic>Classification</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus</topic><topic>Diabetic retinopathy</topic><topic>Diabetic Retinopathy - diagnosis</topic><topic>Eye</topic><topic>Hemorrhage</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Laboratory Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Ophthalmology</topic><topic>Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology</topic><topic>Retinopathy</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Surgery</topic><topic>Surgical Oncology</topic><topic>Vascularization</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Attiku, Yamini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nittala, Muneeswar Gupta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Velaga, Swetha B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ramachandra, Chaithanya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bhat, Sandeep</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Solanki, Kaushal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jayadev, Chaitra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choudhry, Netan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orr, Samantha Miyoko Ashlyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Shangjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Ye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sadda, SriniVas R.</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA/Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Eye (London)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Attiku, Yamini</au><au>Nittala, Muneeswar Gupta</au><au>Velaga, Swetha B.</au><au>Ramachandra, Chaithanya</au><au>Bhat, Sandeep</au><au>Solanki, Kaushal</au><au>Jayadev, Chaitra</au><au>Choudhry, Netan</au><au>Orr, Samantha Miyoko Ashlyn</au><au>Jiang, Shangjun</au><au>He, Ye</au><au>Sadda, SriniVas R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparison of diabetic retinopathy severity grading on ETDRS 7-field versus ultrawide-field assessment</atitle><jtitle>Eye (London)</jtitle><stitle>Eye</stitle><addtitle>Eye (Lond)</addtitle><date>2023-10-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>37</volume><issue>14</issue><spage>2946</spage><epage>2949</epage><pages>2946-2949</pages><issn>0950-222X</issn><eissn>1476-5454</eissn><abstract>Objectives
To compare the diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity level determined when considering only the ETDRS 7-field region versus the entire ultrawidefield (UWF) image.
Methods
In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, UWF pseudocolor images were graded on the Eyenuk image viewing, grading, and annotation platform for the severity of DR considering only the regions within the ETDRS 7-fields as well as the entire UWF image using two different protocols: 1) the simple International Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy (ICDR) scale and 2) the more complex DRCR.net Protocol AA grading scale.
Results
A total of 250 eyes from 157 patients were included in this analysis. Six eyes (2.4%) demonstrated a discrepancy in severity level between the ETDRS 7-field region and the entire UWF image when using the ICDR classification system. The discrepancies were due to the presence of lesions [intraretinal haemorrhage (
n
= 2), neovascular disease (
n
= 4)] in the peripheral fields which were not identified in the ETDRS 7-fields. Fourteen eyes (5.6%) had a discrepancy in severity level between the ETDRS 7-field region and the entire UWF image when using the ETDRS DRSS Protocol AA grading scale. The discrepancies were due to the presence of a higher level of disease [intraretinal haemorrhage (
n
= 4), neovascularization (
n
= 4), preretinal haemorrhage (
n
= 2), scatter laser scars (
n
= 4)] in the peripheral fields.
Conclusion
Although considering regions outside of the ETDRS 7-fields altered the DR severity level assessment in <5% of cases in this cohort, significant and potentially vision-threatening lesions including neovascularization and preretinal haemorrhage were identified in these peripheral regions. This highlights the importance of evaluating the entire UWF region when assessing patients with diabetic retinopathy.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>37165011</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41433-023-02445-8</doi><tpages>4</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0229-8950</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4637-6914</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3802-6594</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8392-7159</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0950-222X |
| ispartof | Eye (London), 2023-10, Vol.37 (14), p.2946-2949 |
| issn | 0950-222X 1476-5454 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10517125 |
| source | MEDLINE; PubMed Central; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | 59 692/699/3161/3175 692/700/1421/1846 Classification Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic Retinopathy - diagnosis Eye Hemorrhage Humans Laboratory Medicine Medicine Medicine & Public Health Ophthalmology Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology Retinopathy Retrospective Studies Surgery Surgical Oncology Vascularization |
| title | Comparison of diabetic retinopathy severity grading on ETDRS 7-field versus ultrawide-field assessment |
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