Insights into diversity and L-asparaginase activity of fungal endophytes associated with medicinal plant Grewia hirsuta

L -asparaginase is used as one of the prime chemotherapeutic agents to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The present work aimed to study the endophytic fungal diversity of Grewia hirsuta and their ability to produce L -asparaginase. A total of 1575 culturable fungal endophytes belonging to four classes, Agaricomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Sordariomycetes, were isolated. The isolates were grouped into twenty-one morphotypes based on their morphological characteristics. Representative species from each group were identified based on their microscopic characteristics and evaluation of the ITS and LSU rDNA sequences. Most of the fungal endophytes were recovered from the leaves compared to other plant parts. Diaporthe sp. was the predominant genus with a colonization frequency of 8.62%. Shannon-Wiener index for diversity ranged from 2.74 to 2.88. All the plant parts showed similar Simpson’s index values, indicating a uniform species diversity. Among the sixty-three fungal endophytes screened, thirty-two were identified as L -asparaginase-producing isolates. The enzyme activities of fungal endophytes estimated by the nesslerization method were found to be in the range of 4.65–0.27 IU/mL with Fusarium foetens showing maximum enzyme activity of 4.65 IU/mL. This study for the first time advocates the production of L -asparaginase from Fusarium foetens along with the endophytic fungal community composition of Grewia hirsuta . The results indicate that the fungal endophyte Fusarium foetens isolated in the present study could be a potent source of L -asparaginase. Graphical Abstract