Systematic Review of Combined Pelvic Ring and Acetabular Injuries: What Do We Know From the Literature?

The purpose of this review is to examine the literature on combined pelvic ring and acetabular fractures. We hope to further define the classifications, severities (ISS & Mortality), healing, radiographic parameters, and functional outcomes of such injuries to report all potential recommendations based on findings. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and a systematic search on PubMed and Google Scholar was performed. Articles included were in the English Language or through English translation, between the years 1996 and 2022. Articles that had met the inclusion criteria were systematically assessed for the relevance of their content. Eleven articles were identified with a total of 985 patients. All eleven were retrospective case series and the presence of both an injury within the pelvic ring and another injury within the acetabulum, either ipsilateral or contralateral, was the indication of a combination injury. The overall mortality rate averaged over all studies was 7.9% and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 22.98. When considering the higher mortality rate seen in pelvic ring injuries compared to the isolated acetabulum, there appears to be survivability beyond reductive means as a reason for reducing and fixing the pelvic ring first. However, accurate reduction of the acetabulum has a greater weight in overall patient recovery compared to the reduction of the pelvic ring and thus surgical emphasis on the anatomic reduction of the acetabulum may be paramount. Despite this good to excellent outcomes can be achieved with careful preoperative planning and surgical execution in patients with fractures of the pelvic ring and acetabulum. Further research as well as uniform radiographic scoring system and outcomes scores should be required to better evaluate and treat these injuries.