Caveolin Delivered by Ultrasound-Mediated Microbubble Destruction Prevents Endothelial Cell Proliferation

Introduction The nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is an important regulator of vascular homeostasis. eNOS is modulated by intracellular mechanisms that include protein–protein interaction with Caveolin-1 (Cav). Cav binds to and impairs eNOS activation reducing vascular permeability and angiogenesis. Blocking of eNOS by Cav has been proposed as therapeutic antiangiogenic approach. However, the efficient and controlled delivery of the peptide requires to be solved. Methods The effect of antennapedia (AP)-Cav loaded into microbubbles (MBs) and delivered by ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction (UMMD) into brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3 cells) was evaluated on NO production using DAF2-DA, cell migration assessed by the wound healing assay, cell proliferation with BrdU, and ex-vivo angiogenesis in rat aortic rings. Results An enhanced inhibitory effect of AP-Cav was observed on cells treated with UMMD. MBs and ultrasound disruption delivery of AP-Cav increased acetylcholine-induced NO release, wound healing, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis inhibition on bEnd.3 cells, compared to free AP-Cav administration. Conclusion We demonstrated that the delivery of Cav via AP-Cav-loaded MBs and UMMD may be an administration method for Cav that would increase its therapeutic potential by enhancing efficacy and cellular specificity.