Implementation of WGS analysis of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli within EU AMR monitoring in livestock and meat

Abstract Background As WGS comes of age, changes in EU legislation implemented in 2021 allow its usage for systematic monitoring of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from livestock and meat, replacing phenotypic testing. Presently, phenotypic testing correlates well with antimicrobial resistance predicted from WGS data. WGS has added value in the wealth of additional information that is present in the data. Objectives In this study we have detected the resistance phenotypes for a panel of antimicrobials while also analysing the molecular epidemiology of ESBL-producing E. coli. Methods Susceptibility testing was performed with broth microdilution of selectively isolated E. coli. Short-read WGS was performed in parallel and phenotypes predicted based on the sequence data, which was also used to determine the phylogeny of the isolates. Results The phenotypically determined resistance and the predicted resistance correlated 90%–100% for the different antimicrobial classes. Furthermore, clonal relationships were detected amongst ESBL-producing E. coli within livestock sectors and the meat produced by this sector. Conclusions Further implementation of WGS analysis of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli within the AMR monitoring programme of EU member states and global surveillance programmes will contribute to determining the attribution of livestock in the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-encoding E. coli in humans.