Survey of Advance Care Planning Practices in Elderly COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter Questionnaire Survey

Objective Advance care planning (ACP) is a process in which the patient and family discuss end-of-life care in advance with healthcare providers in case decisional ability declines. Due to the rapid deterioration of symptoms and isolation for treatment, it is not easy for COVID-19 patients to discuss their end-of-life care with families and medical staff. We conducted a questionnaire survey to assess the current situation of ACP practices in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Materials and methods Multicenter questionnaire surveys of hospitalized COVID-19 patients aged ≥60 years between January 2021 and August 2022 were conducted in two hospitals. The questionnaires assessed whether patients had discussed end-of-life medical treatment with their families and family physicians at the time of admission and their preferences for end-of-life medical treatments. Results A total of 109 patients aged 60-99 years (median 75.0 years) were enrolled. Only eight patients (7.3%) had practiced ACP at the time of admission. Age was a significant factor related to ACP practices (p=0.035). Although there was no significant difference between the ACP and non-ACP practiced groups for each end-of-life care, all eight patients in the ACP-practiced group were able to make decisions for all the end-of-life medical treatment, while 40 patients (33.0%) in the non-ACP-practiced group did not, showing a significant difference (p=0.026). Conclusion In hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the rate of ACP practice was as low as 7.3%. Awareness of ACP practice is necessary, especially for elderly patients with underlying diseases.