Effectiveness of a fourth dose of mRNA-1273 against COVID-19 among older adults in the United States: Interim results from an observational cohort study

We evaluated relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of 4- vs. 3-dose mRNA-1273 against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and COVID-19 hospitalization and death in immunocompetent adults aged ≥50 years at Kaiser Permanente Southern California. We included 178,492 individuals who received a fourth dose of mRNA-1273, and 178,492 randomly selected 3-dose recipients who were matched to 4-dose recipients by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and third dose date. Adjusted 4- vs. 3-dose rVE against SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, and COVID-19 hospitalization death were 25.9 % (23.5 %, 28.2 %), 67.3 % (58.7 %, 74.1 %), and 72.5 % (-35.9 %, 95.2 %), respectively. Adjusted rVE against SARS-CoV-2 infection ranged between 19.8 % and 39.1 % across subgroups. Adjusted rVE against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 hospitalization decreased 2–4 months after the fourth dose. Four mRNA-1273 doses provided significant protection against COVID-19 outcomes compared with 3 doses, consistent in various subgroups of demographic and clinical characteristics, although rVE varied and waned over time.