Sleep duration and timing are prospectively linked with insulin resistance during late adolescence

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether short sleep duration or later sleep timing is a risk factor for insulin resistance (IR) in late adolescence. Methods Mexico City adolescents enrolled in a longitudinal birth cohort (ELEMENT) took part in two study visits during peri‐puberty that occurred approximately 2 years apart. IR was assessed with serum glucose and insulin. Four groups were defined using puberty‐specific cut points: no IR over the follow‐up period, transition from normal to IR, transition from IR to normal, and IR at both time points. Baseline sleep assessments were measured with 7‐day wrist actigraphy. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between sleep duration and timing with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance categories, adjusting for age, sex, and baseline pubertal status. Results Adolescents who were ≥ 1 hour below the sleep duration recommendations‐for‐age were 2.74 times more likely to develop IR (95% CI: 1.0‐7.4). Similarly, adolescents who were in the latest category of sleep midpoint (>4:33 a.m.) were more likely than those with earliest midpoints (1 a.m.–3 a.m.) to develop IR (odds ratio = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.0‐6.7). Changes in adiposity over follow‐up did not mediate sleep and IR. Conclusions Insufficient sleep duration and late sleep timing were associated with development of IR over a 2‐year period in late adolescence.