Tetracycline removal from aqueous media and hospital wastewater using a magnetic composite of mango lignocellulosic kernel biochar/MnFe 2 O 4 /Cu@Zn-BDC MOF

This study explored the use of mango lignocellulosic kernel biochar (MKB) modified with MnFe O magnetic nanoparticles and a Cu@Zn-BDC metal-organic framework (MOF) (MKB/MnFe O /Cu@Zn-BDC MOF) for tetracycline (TC) removal from aqueous solutions and hospital wastewater. The modified biochar exhibited strong magnetic properties (19.803 emu/g) and a specific surface area of 30.456 m /g, facilitating easy separation after adsorption. Using Response Surface Methodology-Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD), the adsorption model demonstrated high accuracy (F-value: 315.510, p