3-Chloro-1,2-Propanediol Exposure Induces Cardiotoxicity and Behavioural Abnormalities in Zebrafish Embryos

Numerous contemporary diseases are linked to food contamination. Pathogenic agents might stem from certain food ingredients or result from pollution stemming from food processing or packaging. One such contaminant is 3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD), it has been previously reported to be produced during the preparation of chemical sauces, as well as during the heating of baked goods. Yet, uncertainty surrounds its potential to induce embryonic developmental toxicity. In this study, zebrafish were employed as the focal point to assess the impact of 3-MCPD on initial embryonic development, heart functionality, and behavior. The research unveiled that exposure of zebrafish embryos to 18, 36, and 54 mM 3-MCPD led to cardiac anomalies, including pericardial edema, reduced heart rate, and elongated SV-BA distance. Additionally, 3-MCPD exposure triggered aberrations in cardiac-related gene expression and an elevation in oxidative stress. Notably, behavioral changes were observed in 3-MCPD-exposed zebrafish embryos, while vascular development appeared unaffected. This study introduces a novel basis for comprehensive exploration of 3-MCPD toxicity.