The Effectiveness of Polynucleotides in Esthetic Medicine: A Systematic Review

Polynucleotides (PN), popular in biorevitalization, show promise in the current sphere of esthetic medicine due to their regenerative properties, previously used in wound healing. Currently, research investigates their use in esthetic medicine. The aim of this review was to synthesize the existing literature, focusing on the effectiveness of PN in esthetic medicine, which is concentrated on skin rejuvenation by providing patients with multiple benefits and the least side effects. A systematic electronic search was conducted in Embase, Medline, and Cochrane to identify primary research studies evaluating the effectiveness of polynucleotides in esthetic medicine, published in English between January 01, 2010, and January 01, 2024. A narrative synthesis was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42024588712. Nine studies, of low and moderate quality, were included in this review, describing a population of 219 patients receiving PN treatment. A variation was present regarding procedural characteristics, such as injection areas and techniques. Polynucleotide injections have shown promising outcomes in reducing wrinkles, improving skin texture, and enhancing elasticity, with statistically significant results in several studies. While side effects are generally mild and transient, patient satisfaction is moderate to high, suggesting PN treatment as a well-tolerated and effective cosmetic intervention. Polynucleotides offer promising potential in esthetic medicine; however, there is limited consensus regarding their optimal use. Rigorous, high-quality studies are essential to validate the effectiveness and safety of PN.