Produced water integration in CO 2 storage using different injection strategies: The effect of salinity on rock petrophysical, mineralogy, wettability and geomechanical properties

Optimizing CO storage efficiency in Deep saline aquifers (DSA) involves improving each storage trapping mechanism, such as structural/stratigraphy, capillary/residual, mineral, and dissolution trapping mechanisms, while maintaining the reservoir integrity for long-term carbon capture and storage (CC...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of environmental management 2024-12, Vol.372, p.123307
Hauptverfasser: Eyitayo, Stella I, Gamadi, Talal, Ispas, Ion, Kolawole, Oladoyin, Watson, Marshall C
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:Optimizing CO storage efficiency in Deep saline aquifers (DSA) involves improving each storage trapping mechanism, such as structural/stratigraphy, capillary/residual, mineral, and dissolution trapping mechanisms, while maintaining the reservoir integrity for long-term carbon capture and storage (CCS). These enhancements are driven by a series of geochemical reactions that favorably modify petrophysical, mineralogy, wettability, rock geomechanics of the rock, and dissolution of CO in aquifer fluid. Three different CO injection strategies have been identified and tested for optimizing CO storage and efficiency- Continuous CO injection (CCI), Water Alternating Gas (WAG), and Simultaneous scCO -brine Aquifer Injection (SAI). This study investigates the effect of integrating produced water (PW) into WAG and SAI strategies for CO storage, emphasizing how the salinity of the injected water affects reservoir properties alterations in sandstone and limestone formations exposed to scCO . Experimental results show that high salinity levels accelerate mineralogy changes and wettability alteration, particularly in limestone, leading to porosity, permeability, and mechanical strength changes. While the SAI results showed more aggressive and detrimental changes in rock properties, WAG leads to slower reaction rates, a more stable and effective strategy with more gradual alterations in rock properties due to its ability to balance fluid flow and mechanical strength, hence offering greater stability for long-term CO storage. Based on these findings, a 20-50 g/L salinity range is recommended to maintain reservoir integrity and reduce the negative impacts of salinity on CO storage efficiency and storage. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing CO storage in DSAs, enhancing environmental sustainability, and enhancing mineral trapping through more targeted geochemical reactions and lower changes in rock mechanical strength.
ISSN:1095-8630