The relationship between repeated measurements of HbA 1c and risk of coronary events among the common haptoglobin phenotype groups: the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) study

In the ACCORD study, participants with the haptoglobin (Hp) 2-2 phenotype and glycated hemoglobin (HbA ) ≥ 8.0% had a higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to those with HbA 7.0-7.9%. However, this association was not observed in participants without the Hp2-2 phenotype. The optimal glycemic target for CAD prevention for the Hp phenotypes remains uncertain and may vary based on demographic and clinical factors. To investigate how reaching clinically relevant HbA targets relates to the risk of CAD in different Hp phenotype groups among a diverse cohort of individuals with T2DM (the Look AHEAD study, HbA ≤ 11% at baseline). Cox regression models with time-varying covariables were used to quantify the association between time-varying achieved HbA (