Preparation of WSi@SiO x /Ti 3 C 2 from photovoltaic silicon waste as high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Silicon anodes hold promise for future lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high capacity, but they face challenges such as severe volume expansion and low electrical conductivity. In this study, we present a straightforward and scalable electrostatic self-assembly method to fabricate WSi@SiO /Ti C composites for LIBs. Silicon nanosheets and the ultra-thin oxide layer SiO serve as sufficient buffers against volume changes, while the layered MXene enhances the electrical conductivity of the composite and promoted Li /e transport. Additionally, cationic surfactant-treated Ti C provides more active sites for WSi@SiO attachment and acts as an intercalating agent, enabling WSi@SiO to enter the interlayer spaces of Ti C . The WSi@SiO /Ti C electrodes significantly improved electrochemical performance, achieving a capacity of 1,130 mAh g after 800 charge/discharge cycles at 500 mA g . This study not only presents a straightforward pathway for high-value utilization of silicon waste but also offers a feasible route for preparing high-performance and cost-effective silicon-based LIBs.