Micromachined Joule–Thomson cooling for long-time and precise thermal management

Efficient thermal management is essential for low-temperature optoelectronic devices. Traditional liquid nitrogen (LN2) cooling presents challenges such as frequent replenishment needs and limited operational duration. This study introduces micromachined Joule–Thomson (MJT) cooling as a superior alternative for temperature regulation in optoelectronic devices. We evaluated the thermal and optical performance of MJT cooling for a CdSe/ZnS quantum dot (QD) sample within a temperature range of 120–300 K. Thermal analysis showed that with a single 50 l nitrogen refill, the MJT system can operate continuously for over one week, surpassing the LN2 system by 11 times. The temperature stability was affected little by laser irradiation, with a