Recent Progress on Multi-Component Reactions Involving Nucleophile, Arynes and CO 2

Carbon dioxide (CO ) is a non-toxic, abundant and recoverable source of carbon monoxide. Despite its thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert nature, research on CO utilisation is ongoing. CO -based aryne reactions, crucial for synthesising -substituted benzoic acids and their cyclisation products, have garnered significant attention, and multi-component reactions (MCRs) involving CO , aryne and nucleophilic reagents have been extensively studied. This review highlights recent advancements in CO capture reactions utilising phenylalkyne reactive intermediates. Mechanistic insights into these reactions are provided together with prospects for further development in this field.