Understanding Artemisia cina Ethyl Acetate Extract's Anthelmintic Effect on Haemonchus contortus Eggs and L 3 Larvae: The Synergism of Peruvin Binary Mixtures

, a blood-feeding parasite in grazing sheep, causes economic losses. Drug resistance necessitates exploring plant-based anthelmintics like (Asteraceae). The plant, particularly its ethyl acetate extract, shows anthelmintic activity against . However, there is limited information on pharmacodynamic interactions in ethyl acetate compounds. The study aims to identify pharmacodynamic interactions in the ethyl acetate extract of with anthelmintic effects on eggs and L larvae using binary mixtures. Bioactive compounds were isolated via chromatography and identified using spectroscopic techniques. Pharmacodynamic interactions were assessed through binary mixtures with a main compound. Four bioactive compounds were identified: 1-nonacosanol, hentriacontane, peruvin, and cinic acid. Binary mixtures, with peruvin as the main compound, were performed. Peruvin/1-nonacosanol-hentriacontane and peruvin/cinic acid mixtures demonstrated 1.42-fold and 4.87-fold increased lethal effects in L infective larvae, respectively, at a 0.50LC /0.50LC concentration. In this work, we determined the synergism between bioactive compounds isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of and identified unreported compounds for the specie.