Characterization of chitosan- and β-cyclodextrin-modified forms of magnesium-doped hydroxyapatites as enhanced carriers for levofloxacin: loading, release, and anti-inflammatory properties

An advanced form of magnesium-rich hydroxyapatite (Mg·HAP) was modified with two types of biopolymers, namely chitosan (CH/Mg·HAP) and β-cyclodextrin (CD/Mg·HAP), producing two types of bio-composites. The synthesized materials were developed as enhanced carriers for levofloxacin to control its loading, release, and anti-inflammatory properties. The polymeric modification significantly improved the loading efficiency to 281.4 mg g −1 for CH/Mg·HAP and 332.4 mg g −1 for CD/Mg·HAP compared with 218.3 mg g −1 for Mg·HAP. The loading behaviors were determined using conventional kinetic and isotherm models and mathematical parameters of new equilibrium models (the monolayer model of one energy). The estimated density of effective loading sites ( N m (LVX) = 88.03 mg g −1 (Mg·HAP), 115.8 mg g −1 (CH/Mg·HAP), and 138.5 mg g −1 (CD/Mg·HAP)) illustrates the markedly higher loading performance of the modified forms of Mg·HAP. Moreover, the loading energies ( 1) and Gaussian energies (0.45). The entrapping of LVX into Mg·HAP induces its anti-inflammatory properties against the generation of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) in human bronchial epithelia cells (NL20), and this effect displays further enhancement after the integration of chitosan and β-cyclodextrin. An advanced form of magnesium-rich hydroxyapatite (Mg·HAP) was modified with two types of biopolymers, namely chitosan (CH/Mg·HAP) and β-cyclodextrin (CD/Mg·HAP), producing two types of bio-composites.