Value of 18 F-FDG-PET/CT radiomics combined with clinical variables in the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign vertebral compression fractures

Vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are common clinical problems that arise from various reasons. The differential diagnosis of benign and malignant VCFs is challenging. This study was designed to develop and validate a radiomics model to predict benign and malignant VCFs with F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( F-FDG-PET/CT). Twenty-six features (9 PET features and 17 CT features) and eight clinical variables (age, SUVmax, SUVpeak, SULmax, SULpeak, osteolytic destruction, fracture line, and appendices/posterior vertebrae involvement) were ultimately selected. The area under the curve (AUCs) of the radiomics and clinical-radiomics models were significantly different from that of the clinical model in both the training group (0.986, 0.987 vs. 0.884, p 0.05). According to the decision curve analysis (DCA), the radiomics model and clinical-radiomics model exhibited higher overall net benefit than the clinical model. The PET/CT-based radiomics and clinical-radiomics models showed good performance in distinguishing between malignant and benign VCFs. The radiomics method may be valuable for treatment decision-making.