Triazene-bridged energetic materials based on nitrotriazole: synthesis, characterization, and laser-ignited combustion performance

Compared to the widely concerned azo bridges (-N&z.dbd;N-), triazene bridges (-N&z.dbd;N-NH-) with longer nitrogen chains are also favorable linking units leading to novel energetic materials. In this work, a new family of nitrogen-rich nitrotriazolate-based energetic compounds with a triazene bridge were synthesized and well characterized. The experimental results indicated that most of these new compounds have good thermal stabilities and low sensitivities. Among these, ammonium 5,5′-dinitro-3,3′-triazene-1,2,4-triazolate ( 3 ) and potassium 5-nitro-3,3′-triazene-1,2,4-triazolate ( 7 ) decomposed at a relatively high temperature (240.6 °C for 3 and 286.9 °C for 7 ). The impact sensitivities of the obtained compounds ranged from 15 J to 45 J. They also have relatively high positive heats of formation between 667.5 to 817.3 kJ mol −1 . The calculated detonation pressures ( P ) were located between 23.7 and 34.8 GPa, and the calculated detonation velocities ( D ) were between 8011 and 9044 m s −1 . Interestingly, ammonium 5-nitro-3,3′-triazene-1,2,4-triazolate ( 8 ) and hydroxylammonium 5-nitro-3,3′-triazene-1,2,4-triazole ( 10 ) possessed excellent laser-ignited combustion performance. A new family of triazene-bridged energetic materials based on nitrotriazole with excellent combustion properties was synthesized and investigated.