Adult-onset Still's disease : Diagnosis and treatment according to the new S2e guidelines of the German Society of Rheumatology (DGRh)

Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by intermittent fever and a combination of symptoms, such as an evanescent rash synchronous with fever, arthralgia/arthritis, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. The diagnosis is based on a characteristic constellation of symptoms and the exclusion of infections, hemato-oncological diseases, infectious diseases and alternative rheumatological causes. The systemic inflammatory reaction is reflected by high levels of ferritin and C‑reactive protein (CRP). The pharmacological treatment concept includes glucocorticoids often in combination with methotrexate (MTX) and ciclosporine (CSA) for reduction of steroids. The interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist anakinra, the IL-1beta antibody canakinumab or an IL‑6 receptor blockage with tocilizumab (off label for AOSD) are used where there is no response to MTX or CSA. Anakinra or canakinumab can be used as a primary option in AOSD in cases of moderate and severe disease activity.