Preparation, characterization and application in cobalt ion adsorption using nanoparticle films of hybrid copper-nickel hexacyanoferrate

Different mole ratios ( n Cu : n Ni = x : y ) of hybrid copper-nickel metal hexacyanoferrates (Cu x Ni y HCFs) were prepared to explore their morphologies, structure, electrochemical properties and the feasibility of electrochemical adsorption of cobalt ions. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated that the x : y ratio of Cu x Ni y HCF nanoparticles can be easily controlled as designed using a wet chemical coprecipitation method. The crystallite size and formal potential of Cu x Ni y HCF films showed an insignificant change when 0 ≤ x : y < 0.3. Given the shape of the CV curves, this might be due to Cu 2+ ions being inserted into the NiHCF framework as countercations to maintain the electrical neutrality of the structure. On the other hand, crystallite size depended linearly on the x : y ratio when x : y > 0.3. This is because Cu tended to replace Ni sites in the lattice structure at higher molar ratios of x : y . Cu x Ni y HCF films inherited good electrochemical reversibility from the CuHCFs, in view of the cyclic voltammograms; in particular, Cu 1 Ni 2 HCF exhibited long-term cycling stability and high surface coverage. The adsorption of Co 2+ fitted the Langmuir isotherm model well, and the kinetic data can be well described by a pseudo-second order model, which may imply that Co 2+ adsorption is controlled by chemical adsorption. The diffusion process was dominated by both intraparticle diffusion and surface diffusion. Cu x Ni y HCF films with appropriate Cu/Ni ratios are expected to be prepared as designed for the recovery of Co 2+ from spent LIBs.