In Vitro Modulation of Cisplatin Cytotoxicity by Sparsomycin Inhibition of Protein Synthesis

Inhibition of protein synthesis can alter cellular responsiveness to the classical anticancer drugs. The in vitro response of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to cisplatin with or without sparsomycin (Sm) was studied with the use of [3H]leucine and [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation and clonogenic assay. Pretreatment of exponentially growing CHO cells with 1 μg Sm/ml for 3 or 5 hours decreased [3H]leucine incorporation by 20% and resulted in significant resistance to cisplatin (P=.005). Sm in a concentration of 10 μg/ml reduced [3H]leucine and [methyl-3H]-thymidine incorporation after 3 hours by 92 and 84%, respectively, and resulted in potentiation of the cisplatin cytotoxicity (P=.004). This effect was the same in the case of nonproliferating cells (P=.005), while protection due to Sm (1 μg/ml) was seen only during cell proliferation. Simultaneous incubation and postincubation with Sm proved to have much less or no potentiating effect on cisplatin. The mechanisms of both protection and potentiation are still not clear, but our data indicate that Sm is a promising drug for further studies on the modulation of the cancer cell response to classical anticancer drugs.