Ocean warming threatens southern right whale population recovery

Whales contribute to marine ecosystem functioning, and they may play a role in mitigating climate change and supporting the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) population, a keystone prey species that sustains the entire Southern Ocean (SO) ecosystem. By analyzing a five-decade (1971-2017) data series of individual southern right whales (SRWs; Eubalaena australis) photo-identified at Peninsula Valdes, Argentina, we found a marked increase in whale mortality rates following El Nino events. By modeling how the population responds to changes in the frequency and intensity of El Nino events, we found that such events are likely to impede SRW population recovery and could even cause population decline. Such outcomes have the potential to disrupt food-web interactions in the SO, weakening that ecosystem's contribution to the mitigation of climate change at a global scale.