Defining cytotoxic drugs – you know it when you see it?

Safe handling precautions are an important measure used to prevent occupational exposure to hazardous antineoplastic drugs. Historically, the terms ‘antineoplastic’, ‘chemotherapy’ and ‘cytotoxic’ are frequently conflated. However, many current antineoplastic drugs do not have cytotoxic mechanisms of actions, leading to confusion when developing safe handling policies. Based on the mechanistic criteria outlined in this review, we have compiled a list of the most commonly used antineoplastic drugs with their cytotoxic or non-cytotoxic designations. We propose that this list can be used when discussing drug-specific safe handling precaution measures.