Inappropriate direct oral anticoagulant prescriptions in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: cross-sectional analysis of the French CACAO cohort study in primary care

Background Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) account for an increasing proportion of prescriptions in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in primary care. Inappropriate dosing of DOACs is a common problem, with under-dosing being a particular issue. However, conflicting results have been reported about the factors independently associated with inappropriate dosing. Aim To describe inappropriate prescriptions of DOACs among patients in the CACAO French nationwide general practice cohort, and to identify the factors independently associated with inappropriate DOAC doses. Design and setting Cross sectional baseline analysis of the CACAO French national multicentre prospective cohort of adult patients in primary cam receiving an oral anticoagulant who were recruited between April and October 2014. Method A total of 1111 patients from the CACAO cohort who received a DOAC for NVAF were included in this study Inappropriate prescriptions of DOACs were described (inappropriate dosage, contraindications. non-indications, interactions. and non compliance with the precautions for use). Multivariate logistic models were used to investigate factors associated with inappropriate DOAC dosing (under-dosing and over-dosing). Results Overall, 438 patients (39.4%) received at least one inappropriate DOAC prescription. The most common inappropriate prescription was inappropriate dosage (n= 374, 317%) particularly under dosing (n = 348, 31.3%). Multivariate analysts revealed that factors independently associated with under dosing were older age, prescription of apixaban or dabigatran, and a CHA2DS2-VASc score >= 2 vs. a score =1. Factors with over-dosing were kidney failure, a HAS-BLED score >= 3, and older age. Conclusion The appropriateness of DOAC prescribing for NVAF can be improved, especially in older patients, and in patients with kidney failure. a higher risk of ischaemic stroke, and/or a higher risk of bleeding. GPs have a key role in increasing the proportion of appropriate DOAC prescriptions via informational, educational, and/or management strategies.