Exposure to total particulate matter obtained from combustion of diesel vehicles (EURO 3 and EURO 5): Effects on the respiratory systems of emphysematous mice

•We need control with diesel exhaust particles (DEP).•DEP under the EURO 3 legislation causes harmful effects on the respiratory system.•DEP under the EURO 5 legislation causes harmful effects on the respiratory system.•COPD suffered greater respiratory damage when exposed to DEP.•DEP can be toxic to human health. Air pollution has association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and reduced life expectancy. This study investigated the deleterious effects caused by tobacco smoke and diesel exhaust particles (DEP) from vehicles operating under EURO 3 and EURO 5 standards. Experiments were carried out on C57BL/6 mice divided into six groups: control group, group exposed to cigarette smoke (CS), two groups exposed to DEP (AAE3 and AAE5), and two groups exposed to tobacco smoke and vehicle DEP (CSE3 and CSE5). Results showed that, when compared to AA, groups AAE3 and AAE5 showed changes in respiratory mechanics, and that DEP originating from EURO 5 diesel vehicles was less harmful when compared to DEP originating from EURO 3 diesel vehicles. Analyses of groups CSE3 and CSE5 revealed increased inspiratory capacity and decreased tissue elastance, when compared to their respective controls, suggesting an exacerbation of changes in respiratory system mechanics compatible with COPD development.