Grapevine Microbiota Reflect Diversity among Compartments and Complex Interactions within and among Root and Shoot Systems

Grafting connects root and shoot systems of distinct individuals, bringing microbial communities of different genotypes together in a single plant. How do root system and shoot system genotypes influence plant microbiota in grafted grapevines? To address this, we utilized clonal replicates of the grapevine 'Chambourcin', growing ungrafted and grafted to three different rootstocks in three irrigation treatments. Our objectives were to (1) characterize the microbiota (bacteria and fungi) of below-ground compartments (roots, adjacent soil) and above-ground compartments (leaves, berries), (2) determine how rootstock genotype, irrigation, and their interaction influences grapevine microbiota in different compartments, and (3) investigate abundance of microorganisms implicated in the late-season grapevine disease sour rot (Acetobacterales and Saccharomycetes). We found that plant compartment had the largest influence on microbial diversity. Neither rootstock genotype nor irrigation significantly influenced microbial diversity or composition. However, differential abundance of bacterial and fungal taxa varied as a function of rootstock and irrigation treatment; in particular, Acetobacterales and Saccharomycetes displayed higher relative abundance in berries of grapevines grafted to '1103P' and 'SO4' rootstocks and varied across irrigation treatments. This study demonstrates that grapevine compartments retain distinct microbiota and identifies associations between rootstock genotypes, irrigation treatment, and the relative abundance of agriculturally relevant microorganisms in the berries.