Enhancing CO 2 photo-biochemical conversion in a newly-designed attached photobioreactor characterized by stacked horizontal planar waveguide modules

Aiming at alleviating the adverse effects on attached microalgae biofilm growth caused by heterogeneous spatial light distributions within the attached cultivation photobioreactors (PBRs), an innovative PBR integrated with stacked horizontal planar waveguide modules (SHPW-PBR) was proposed in this work. Different from the conventional PBR, the emergent light from the external LED light bars were guided and evenly redistributed within the SHPW-PBR by the planar waveguides and hence provided light energy for microalgae cells photoautotrophic growth. In comparison with the control PBR, the average light intensity illuminating the attached Chlorella vulgaris biofilm in the SHPW-PBR was elevated by 204.11% and contributed to a 145.20% improvement on areal C. vulgaris biofilm production. Thereafter, responses of attached C. vulgaris biofilm growth in the SHPW-PBR to various light intensities were evaluated and the maximum areal C. vulgaris biofilm density reached 90.43 g m under the light intensity of 136 μmol m s after 9 days cultivation. Furthermore, the SHPW-PBR can be easily scaled-up by increasing the quantity of the stacked planar waveguide modules and thus shows great potential in biofilm-based biomass production.