Immunotherapy toxicity. Diagnosis and treatment

Anti CTLA-4, anti PD-L1 and anti PD-1immune check point inhibitors (ICI) down regulate natural inhibitory pathways of the immune system, in turn increasing tumour surveillance and elimination. Cancer treatment through immune regulation has revolutionised many cancer therapies. However, these new treatments have also brought unique immune related adverse events (irAEs). This paper presents a review of the available knowledge regarding irAE grading, incidence, diagnosis and management, serving as a clinical aid forall clinicians involved with ICI therapy. A comprehensive English-language literature research of original and review articles in the Medline database until June 2020 has been carried out, using the MeSH terms: "immune checkpoint inhibitor toxicities" and "immune related adverseevent". Further research should aim to investigate if the greater effect of combining ICI treatments issufficient to justify the increased risk of complications, as well as to identify specific subgroups that will benefit the most from these.