Quantitative analysis of cerebellar lobule morphology and clinical cognitive correlates in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy patients

•The cerebellar lobules in refractory TLE patients manifest different volumetric change characteristics.•Crus II contralateral GMV is negatively correlated with the duration of epilepsy and positively associated with the cognitive scores.•Crus I contralateral GMV is significantly smaller in the generalized onset group. This study was conducted to explore the cerebellar substructure volumetric alterations in refractory unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients and the relationship with clinical factors and cognitive scores. A total of 48 unilateral refractory TLE patients and 48 age- and gender-matched normal controls (NCs) were retrospectively studied. All subjects underwent high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and automatically segmented volumetric brain information was obtained using volBrain and Data Processing Assistant for Resting-State fMRI (DPARSF) separately. Clinical seizure features and cognitive scores were acquired by a structured review of medical records. The total volumes (TVs) of bilateral crus I, crus II, and IX were significantly smaller in the refractory unilateral TLE epilepsy patients. The gray matter volumes (GMVs) of cerebellar lobules showed lateralized reduction in ipsilateral III, IX, and contralateral crus II. Contralateral crus II GMV showed significant negative correlation with the duration of epilepsy (r = −0.31, p = 0.035) and positive association with the cognitive scores including long-term memory (LTM) (r = 0.39, p = 0.017), short-term memory (STM) (r = 0.51, p = 0.001) verbal comprehension index (VCI) (r = 0.37, p = 0.024), and perceptual organization index (POI) (r = 0.36, p = 0.030). The voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis proved similar results. The contralateral crus I GMV was significantly smaller in the generalized onset group (t = 2.536, p = 0.015). The lobules of the cerebellar in refractory TLE patients manifest different volumetric change characteristics. Crus II contralateral GMV is negatively correlated with the duration of epilepsy and positively associated with the cognitive scores.