Echocardiographic parameters differentiating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction from asymptomatic left ventricular diastolic dysfunction

Background (LVDD) either remains latent or manifests as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Little is known about echocardiographic parameters associated with symptomatic phenotype. Objective To investigate echocardiographic parameters associated with symptomatic state in LVDD. Methods Three hundred and thirty patients with definite diagnosis of LVDD (according to ASE/EACVI recommendations 2016) were included and divided into asymptomatic LVDD and HFpEF groups according to presence of dyspnea and brain natriuretic peptide levels. We excluded patients with left ventricular ejection fraction