Nature-inspired chemistry toward hierarchical superhydrophobic, antibacterial and biocompatible nanofibrous membranes for effective UV-shielding, self-cleaning and oil-water separation

[Display omitted] •The membrane was prepared by using a novel nature-inspired method.•The membrane possesses self-cleaning and antibacterial properties.•The membrane exhibits robust mechanical strength and stability.•The membrane features excellent biocompatible and UV-shielding.•Using this membrane can effectively separate various oil-water mixtures. Fabrication of environmental-friendly, low-cost, and free-standing superhydrophobic nanofibrous membranes with additional functionalities such as self-cleaning and UV-shielding properties is highly demanded for oil-water separation. Herein, we describe the preparation of multifunctional superhydrophobic nanofibrous membrane by using a facile and novel nature-inspired method, i.e., plant polyphenol (tannic acid) metal complex is introduced to generate rough hierarchical structures on the surface of an electrospun polyimide (PI) nanofibrous membrane, followed by modification of poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). Taking an as-prepared tannic acid − Al3+-based superhydrophobic membrane as an example, it not only exhibits anti-impact, low-adhesive and self-cleaning functions, but also presents excellent performance in the separation of various oil-water mixtures. A high flux up to 6935 l m−2 h−1 with a separation efficiency of over 99% and the oil contents in water below 5 ppm is obtained even after repeating use for twenty separation cycles. Additionally, the membrane exhibits excellent UV-shielding property, attributing to the inherent UV-absorbing ability of tannic acid. Furthermore, the membrane also possesses additional properties including antibacterial activity, good biocompatibility, robust mechanical strength, and excellent resistance to various harsh conditions. These attractive properties of the as-prepared membrane make it a promising candidate for potential applications in industrial oil-contaminated water treatments and oil-water separation.